Kandaka — The Sudan Knowledge Platform

Named for the Kandakas — the warrior queens of ancient Nubia — this site brings their spirit of clarity and resolve to today's questions about Sudan. Articles and analysis on the country's economy and development, alongside reflections on its past, culture, and the people who shape its future.

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Latest Articles

Latest News

English
War & Security

Nowhere to go – civilians take their chances to flee on foot across Kordofan

24 October 2026 After the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) killed three people in front of her house in the remote Jebel Al-Dar area of …

ReportingKordofan EN
Economy

Sudan’s soaring fuel prices make getting by harder for workers

Sudan is suffering from a cost-of-living crisis affecting millions across the country.

ReportingNational EN
The Guardian International

Mamdani loves Arsenal. He should challenge them to cut ties with the UAE over Sudan | …

The New York mayor’s passion for the Gunners and human rights presents an opportunity to push back on the club’s lucrative UAE …

ReportingNational EN
All news →
العربية
العربي الجديد اقتصاد

السودان يفتح الاستيراد لكسر الاحتكار مع مخاوف من ضغوط على الجنيه

يترقب مستهلكون ومستوردون في السودان تنفيذ توجيهات رئيس مجلس السيادة، عبد الفتاح البرهان، برفع الحظر عن استيراد سلع غذائية ومدخلات …

تغطية صحفيةNational AR
سودانايل ثقافة

كلمات سودانية معجمية مهجورة في لغة الكتابة (١٩)

عبد المنعم عجب الفَيا اضاة:الأضاة في اللهجة السودانية البركة أو الغدير وما يرفده من مجاري معا (كردفان)، معجمية.يقول لسان العرب: …

تغطية صحفيةKordofan AR
الحرب والأمن

السودان يطالب «يونيسفا» بالتحقيق في الهجوم على سوق رئيسي بأبيي

الخرطوم 24 أكتوبر 2026 – دعا رئيس اللجنة الإشرافية لمنطقة أبيي من جانب السودان الخير أبو مريدات، السبت، بعثة الأمم المتحدة الأمنية …

تغطية صحفيةKhartoum AR
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Digital reading selections

From Nile Bookstore

Nile Bookstore is separate from Kandaka’s editorial work. These clearly identified links are promotional.

Arabic cover of Ancient History of Sudan by Hassan Kamal

Arabic Books & Heritage

Searchable Arabic EPUB editions of literature, history, philosophy and rare works, prepared for comfortable right-to-left reading.

Browse Arabic books →
Authentic cover of Planet Comics number 6

Golden Age Comics

Digitally preserved public-domain adventures, mysteries and superheroes with generous page previews.

Explore the comic archive →
Arabic edition cover of Bulletman number 1

Arabic Comics

Illustrated stories and restored comics presented for Arabic readers in accessible digital editions.

Browse Arabic comics →

Sudan in Images

New photographs are discovered daily; additions are reviewed weekly before publication in Arabic and English. Photo dates appear in titles and captions; historical images do not show current conditions.

Close-up of a stone royal head with a headdress, cobra ornament and carved beard.
A Nubian royal statue: a historical close-up

Steve Evans’s historical photograph of a Nubian royal statue in Sudan. Commons associates the statue with Tabo on Argo Island but treats its identification as Natakamani as uncertain. The record gives 24 February 2005; the exact capture date is not independently established. This unmodified photograph does not document present conditions.

Steve Evans · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
A panoramic crop of mud-brick remains at the Western Deffufa.
The Western Deffufa at Kerma, 2009

Walter Callens photographed the Western Deffufa at ancient Kerma on 26 March 2009. This version is a narrow panoramic crop supplied by Wikimedia Commons; it does not show the monument’s full height. The crop is disclosed rather than presented as the complete original photograph. No further cropping or reconstruction has been applied.

Walter Callens · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
Two men beside lion cubs on a wooden crate in a courtyard.
Two men with lion cubs in Khartoum, 1911

The Náprstek Museum identifies this 1911 scene as Bedřich Machulka's assistants with lion cubs in the courtyard of his Khartoum home. The men and photographer are not named in the record. The photograph documents a historical captive-animal setting; it is not evidence of present-day wildlife conditions or an endorsement of keeping wild animals.

Photographer unknown; National Museum – Náprstek Museum, Bedřich Machulka photographic collection, Af I 629 · CC BY 4.0 National Museum / eSbírky

Art & Visual Heritage

Weekly artwork selections — New additions are scheduled each Saturday, prioritizing Sudanese artists, with creator credits and source links.

A curated companion to the photo stream: contemporary and historical art, photography, crafts, posters and book arts, with Sudan first and room for the wider world.

Gold ram’s head with curved ribbed horns and a cobra above its forehead

Jewellery · Kush / Nubia

Ram’s-head amulet

Maker unrecorded · About 721–664 BCE

A small gold object from the Kushite period, when Nubian rulers governed Egypt. The Met suggests it probably belonged to a royal necklace and connects the ram with Amun. Its precise origin is uncertain: the museum lists Egypt and Sudan, possibly Nubia, rather than a confirmed Sudanese findspot.

View artwork & source ↗ The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Photograph by Oi-Cheong Lee · Gift of Norbert Schimmel Trust, 1989 · Public domain · Met Open Access · Unmodified

Explore the full collection →

From the Library

All books →
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Governor-General Reports (Durham Sudan Archive digitized series)

Sudan Government

Digitized annual and periodic reports of the Governor-General of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, freely browsable …

View source
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Sudan National GMO Policy

Government of Sudan

Sudan's official policy framework governing the research, development, and commercial use of genetically …

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Funerary Traditions in Nubian Early Makuria

Mahmoud El-Tayeb · 2012

A monograph on funerary traditions and archaeological evidence from early Makuria in Nubia.

File unavailable