Kandaka — The Sudan Knowledge Platform

Named for the Kandakas — the warrior queens of ancient Nubia — this site brings their spirit of clarity and resolve to today's questions about Sudan. Articles and analysis on the country's economy and development, alongside reflections on its past, culture, and the people who shape its future.

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Latest Articles

Latest News

English
War & Security

Port Sudan families can barely afford water as shortages persist

Despite efforts to restore damaged infrastructure, residents face soaring water costs as war, displacement strain supply

ReportingRed Sea EN
Health

War, displacement deepen healthcare crisis in Blue Nile

The ongoing war and displacement in Sudan’s Blue Nile region have placed mounting pressure on The post War, displacement deepen …

ReportingBlue Nile EN
Sudan News

Journalism in Sudan, now a crime punishable by death

29 October 2026 In a country already ravaged by civil conflict, reporting the truth has now been codified into an offence …

ReportingNational EN
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العربية
العربي الجديد الحرب والأمن

الحرب تسحق الإنتاج وتضخّم ديون السودان

يعكس تصدّر السودان قائمة أعلى ديون العالم بنسبة 334.4% قسوة اقتصاد الحرب. فبين تدمير الإنتاج وتراكم الفوائد، بات سداد الدين شبه …

تغطية صحفيةNational AR
سودانايل أخبار السودان

مشروع الجزيرة عملاق الماضى المجيد ومستقبل نهضة السودان

د. محمد حمدان عيسى، المنطقة الشرقية، السعودية يُعد مشروع الجزيرة أحد أكبر مشاريع الري في العالم وهو أكبر مشروع مروي في أفريقيا …

تغطية صحفيةKordofan · Blue Nile AR
صحة

أزمة انقطاع التيار الكهربائي تهدد حياة مرضى الفشل الكلوي بمستشفيات الخرطوم

الخرطوم:30 أكتوبر 2026: راديو دبنقا ​يعاني مرضى الفشل الكلوي في مستشفيات العاصمة السودانية الخرطوم من... The post أزمة انقطاع …

تغطية صحفيةKhartoum AR
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Digital reading selections

From Nile Bookstore

Nile Bookstore is separate from Kandaka’s editorial work. These clearly identified links are promotional.

Authentic cover of Planet Comics number 6

Golden Age Comics

Digitally preserved public-domain adventures, mysteries and superheroes with generous page previews.

Explore the comic archive →
Arabic edition cover of Bulletman number 1

Arabic Comics

Illustrated stories and restored comics presented for Arabic readers in accessible digital editions.

Browse Arabic comics →

Sudan in Images

New photographs are discovered daily; additions are reviewed weekly before publication in Arabic and English. Photo dates appear in titles and captions; historical images do not show current conditions.

Close-up of a stone royal head with a headdress, cobra ornament and carved beard.
A Nubian royal statue: a historical close-up

Steve Evans’s historical photograph of a Nubian royal statue in Sudan. Commons associates the statue with Tabo on Argo Island but treats its identification as Natakamani as uncertain. The record gives 24 February 2005; the exact capture date is not independently established. This unmodified photograph does not document present conditions.

Steve Evans · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
A panoramic crop of mud-brick remains at the Western Deffufa.
The Western Deffufa at Kerma, 2009

Walter Callens photographed the Western Deffufa at ancient Kerma on 26 March 2009. This version is a narrow panoramic crop supplied by Wikimedia Commons; it does not show the monument’s full height. The crop is disclosed rather than presented as the complete original photograph. No further cropping or reconstruction has been applied.

Walter Callens · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
Two men beside lion cubs on a wooden crate in a courtyard.
Two men with lion cubs in Khartoum, 1911

The Náprstek Museum identifies this 1911 scene as Bedřich Machulka's assistants with lion cubs in the courtyard of his Khartoum home. The men and photographer are not named in the record. The photograph documents a historical captive-animal setting; it is not evidence of present-day wildlife conditions or an endorsement of keeping wild animals.

Photographer unknown; National Museum – Náprstek Museum, Bedřich Machulka photographic collection, Af I 629 · CC BY 4.0 National Museum / eSbírky

Art & Visual Heritage

Weekly artwork selections — New additions are scheduled each Saturday, prioritizing Sudanese artists, with creator credits and source links.

A curated companion to the photo stream: contemporary and historical art, photography, crafts, posters and book arts, with Sudan first and room for the wider world.

Gold ram’s head with curved ribbed horns and a cobra above its forehead

Jewellery · Kush / Nubia

Ram’s-head amulet

Maker unrecorded · About 721–664 BCE

A small gold object from the Kushite period, when Nubian rulers governed Egypt. The Met suggests it probably belonged to a royal necklace and connects the ram with Amun. Its precise origin is uncertain: the museum lists Egypt and Sudan, possibly Nubia, rather than a confirmed Sudanese findspot.

View artwork & source ↗ The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Photograph by Oi-Cheong Lee · Gift of Norbert Schimmel Trust, 1989 · Public domain · Met Open Access · Unmodified

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From the Library

All books →
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Oil and Challenges of Trade Policy Making In Sudan in a Globalizing Arena

Mehdi Shafaeddin · 2007

October 2007 conference paper. MPRA Paper 6720, deposited 13 January 2008. Historical analysis of oil and …

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Sudan & Nubia 10

Sudan Archaeological Research Society · 2006

Annual academic journal issue covering Sudanese and Nubian archaeology and history.

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Role of Rural Women in Sustaining Household Food Supplies in Western Sudan

Unknown · 2016

Field study assessing rural women's role in household food security in Western Sudan amid recurrent drought, …

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