Kandaka — The Sudan Knowledge Platform

Named for the Kandakas — the warrior queens of ancient Nubia — this site brings their spirit of clarity and resolve to today's questions about Sudan. Articles and analysis on the country's economy and development, alongside reflections on its past, culture, and the people who shape its future.

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Latest Articles

Latest News

English
War & Security

South Sudan summons Sudan envoy over Abyei market attack

South Sudan’s government said it had summoned Sudan’s ambassador to protest a drone attack on The post South Sudan summons Sudan …

ReportingNational EN
The Guardian War & Security

Drone attack near market kills 80 in Sudan

Witness says drone struck twice at transport hub in al-Dibab, in one of deadliest single attacks of war A drone strike near a …

ReportingKordofan EN
France 24 Africa War & Security

Drone attacks kill scores in Sudan's West Kordofan state and capital Khartoum

At least 80 people were killed in a drone strike near a market in Sudan’s southern West Kordofan state, a medical source and a …

ReportingKhartoum · Kordofan EN
All news →
العربية
الحرب والأمن

جوبا تستدعي السفير السوداني احتجاجًا على قصف سوق «النعام» في أبيي

جوبا 19 أكتوبر 2026 – استدعت وزارة خارجية دولة جنوب السودان، الاثنين، سفير السودان لدى جوبا احتجاجاً على قصف سوق منطقة “النعام” في …

تغطية صحفيةDarfur AR
رياضة

شطب بلاغ تحرش بلاعب قاصر بواسطة رئيس ناد بأم درمان يتبع للشرطة المجتمعية

أظهرت مستندات متداولة صدور قرار من نيابة أم درمان شمال بشطب بلاغ جنائي ضد التجاني علي الفضل عبد الفضيل، إداري مرتبط بالشرطة …

تغطية صحفيةKhartoum AR
تعليم

أزمة المياه تضرب منطقة الروات بالنيل الأبيض وتجبر السكان على النزوح وإغلاق المدارس

تواجه منطقة الروات والقرى المجاورة لها بولاية النيل الأبيض في السودان، أزمة حادة في مياه The post أزمة المياه تضرب منطقة الروات …

تغطية صحفيةKordofan · White Nile AR
كل الأخبار ←

Digital reading selections

From Nile Bookstore

Nile Bookstore is separate from Kandaka’s editorial work. These clearly identified links are promotional.

Cover of Meroë, the City of the Ethiopians, featured in Sudan & the Nile

Sudan & the Nile

Explore books on Sudan and the Nile, including John Garstang’s illustrated account of ancient Meroë.

Explore the collection →
Arabic cover of Ancient History of Sudan by Hassan Kamal

Arabic Books & Heritage

Searchable Arabic EPUB editions of literature, history, philosophy and rare works, prepared for comfortable right-to-left reading.

Browse Arabic books →
Authentic cover of Planet Comics number 6

Golden Age Comics

Digitally preserved public-domain adventures, mysteries and superheroes with generous page previews.

Explore the comic archive →

Sudan in Images

New photographs are discovered daily; additions are reviewed weekly before publication in Arabic and English. Photo dates appear in titles and captions; historical images do not show current conditions.

Sandstone doorway with a winged sun disc, carved columns and arched openings at Naqa.
Hathor chapel at Naqa, 2016

The carved entrance of the Hathor chapel at Naqa, Sudan, photographed by Nina R on 26 March 2016. The columns, arched openings and winged sun-disc decoration match the chapel documented by the Naga excavation team. The source file's title and description incorrectly refer to pyramid reliefs at Meroe; Kandaka has corrected that identification. This photograph records the monument in 2016, not its present condition.

Nina R, via Flickr and Wikimedia Commons; image unmodified · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
Dark round-bottomed pottery jar with a short neck and impressed geometric decoration.
Decorated Meroitic jar from Nubia

A Meroitic jar with a rounded base and comb-impressed decoration, held by the Finnish Heritage Agency (KM17000:39:119:3). Its catalogue gives a broad date of 300 BCE–400 CE and links it to Nubia, listing both Egypt and Sudan rather than a clear modern-country findspot. The maker and photographic date are unrecorded. This entry uses the actual object photograph, not the accompanying archaeological drawing.

Finnish Heritage Agency, Archaeological Object Collection; photographer not named · CC BY 4.0 Finnish Heritage Agency
Historical group photograph beside a display of animal skulls, horns and skins in a courtyard.
Hunting trophies in a Khartoum courtyard, early twentieth century

A historical display of hunting trophies in a Khartoum courtyard, dated by the Náprstek Museum to the early twentieth century. The catalogue names Machulka and tentatively identifies Štorch, retaining a question mark; other people and the photographer are unnamed. The image documents historical hunting and collecting, not an endorsement of those practices. No precise capture year or species identification is asserted.

Photographer unknown; National Museum – Náprstek Museum, Bedřich Machulka photographic collection, Af I 808 · CC BY 4.0 National Museum / eSbírky

Art & Visual Heritage

Weekly artwork selections — New additions are scheduled each Saturday, prioritizing Sudanese artists, with creator credits and source links.

A curated companion to the photo stream: contemporary and historical art, photography, crafts, posters and book arts, with Sudan first and room for the wider world.

Nubian wall painting of the Virgin and Child beside Bishop Marianos in decorated ecclesiastical robes

Historical wall painting · Sudan / Nubia

Madonna and Child with Bishop Marianos

Painter unrecorded (Faras) · 1005–1036

Tempera on plaster from Faras, now in the National Museum in Warsaw. The source dates the painting to 1005–1036; this is the artwork date, not the photograph date. The individual painter is unrecorded.

View artwork & source ↗ National Museum in Warsaw · Photograph uploaded by Vert, Wikimedia Commons · Public domain · Unmodified reproduction
Nubian Christian wall painting depicting the three youths in the fiery furnace

Historical painting · Sudan / Nubia

Three youths in the fiery furnace — Nubian church painting

Painter unrecorded · Historical painting; photograph published 2005

A Nubian church painting photographed at the museum in Khartoum. The descriptive title identifies the scene from Daniel 3; the record does not name the original painter or date the artwork.

View artwork & source ↗ Wikimedia Commons · Photograph by Ibrahim Omer / ancientsudan.org · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Unmodified

Explore the full collection →

From the Library

All books →
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African Archaeological Review: The Meroitic Kingdom

Grace Gershuny; Deborah, L. Martin

Academic journal article focusing on Meroitic period research and findings.

File unavailable
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The Fourth Cataract and Beyond: Archaeological Salvage

Michaela Riva Gaaserud

Report on archaeological salvage excavations at the Fourth Cataract region of the Nile in Sudan prior to dam …

File unavailable
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Why Did Taharqa Build His Tomb at Nuri?

Timothy Kendall

Timothy Kendall examines why Taharqa selected Nuri as his burial place. The local article runs from …

File unavailable