Kandaka — The Sudan Knowledge Platform

Named for the Kandakas — the warrior queens of ancient Nubia — this site brings their spirit of clarity and resolve to today's questions about Sudan. Articles and analysis on the country's economy and development, alongside reflections on its past, culture, and the people who shape its future.

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Latest Articles

Latest News

English
Education

Eight million children out of school in Sudan — teachers warn of looming education …

Eight million children are falling outside Sudan’s education system, the Sudanese Teachers’ Committee says, warning... The post …

ReportingNational EN
War & Security

Scores killed in drone strike on Nyala market, South Darfur

At least 102 civilians were killed and 113 others injured in a drone strike on The post Scores killed in drone strike on Nyala …

ReportingDarfur EN
France 24 Africa International

Sudan: One year after the fall of El-Fasher

It has been one year since the fall of El-Fasher in Sudan, a city in North Darfur, which was captured by the Rapid Support Forces. …

ReportingDarfur EN
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العربية
فرانس 24 عربي الحرب والأمن

انتقادات حقوقية لترشح الإماراتية لانا نسيبة لمنصب الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة بسبب حرب …

أثار ترشح الدبلوماسية الإماراتية لانا نسيبة لمنصب الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة انتقادات من حقوقيين وناشطين سودانيين، على خلفية دورها …

تغطية صحفيةNational AR
Sudan War Monitor أخبار السودان

نزوح المئات من قري محلية ام برو بشمال دارفور

المتضررين من التدهور الامني نزحوا عبر الحدود الي تشاد

تحليلDarfur AR
سياسة

شركة قطرية تخطط لإنشاء مدينة صناعية لتوطين التعدين في السودان

الخرطوم 27 أكتوبر 2026- أجرى وزير المعادن السوداني مباحثات مع شركة المستقبل القابضة القطرية حول فرص الاستثمار في قطاع التعدين …

تغطية صحفيةKhartoum AR
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Digital reading selections

From Nile Bookstore

Nile Bookstore is separate from Kandaka’s editorial work. These clearly identified links are promotional.

Cover of Meroë, the City of the Ethiopians, featured in Sudan & the Nile

Sudan & the Nile

Explore books on Sudan and the Nile, including John Garstang’s illustrated account of ancient Meroë.

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Arabic cover of Ancient History of Sudan by Hassan Kamal

Arabic Books & Heritage

Searchable Arabic EPUB editions of literature, history, philosophy and rare works, prepared for comfortable right-to-left reading.

Browse Arabic books →

Sudan in Images

New photographs are discovered daily; additions are reviewed weekly before publication in Arabic and English. Photo dates appear in titles and captions; historical images do not show current conditions.

Close-up of a stone royal head with a headdress, cobra ornament and carved beard.
A Nubian royal statue: a historical close-up

Steve Evans’s historical photograph of a Nubian royal statue in Sudan. Commons associates the statue with Tabo on Argo Island but treats its identification as Natakamani as uncertain. The record gives 24 February 2005; the exact capture date is not independently established. This unmodified photograph does not document present conditions.

Steve Evans · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
A panoramic crop of mud-brick remains at the Western Deffufa.
The Western Deffufa at Kerma, 2009

Walter Callens photographed the Western Deffufa at ancient Kerma on 26 March 2009. This version is a narrow panoramic crop supplied by Wikimedia Commons; it does not show the monument’s full height. The crop is disclosed rather than presented as the complete original photograph. No further cropping or reconstruction has been applied.

Walter Callens · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
Two men beside lion cubs on a wooden crate in a courtyard.
Two men with lion cubs in Khartoum, 1911

The Náprstek Museum identifies this 1911 scene as Bedřich Machulka's assistants with lion cubs in the courtyard of his Khartoum home. The men and photographer are not named in the record. The photograph documents a historical captive-animal setting; it is not evidence of present-day wildlife conditions or an endorsement of keeping wild animals.

Photographer unknown; National Museum – Náprstek Museum, Bedřich Machulka photographic collection, Af I 629 · CC BY 4.0 National Museum / eSbírky

Art & Visual Heritage

Weekly artwork selections — New additions are scheduled each Saturday, prioritizing Sudanese artists, with creator credits and source links.

A curated companion to the photo stream: contemporary and historical art, photography, crafts, posters and book arts, with Sudan first and room for the wider world.

Gold ram’s head with curved ribbed horns and a cobra above its forehead

Jewellery · Kush / Nubia

Ram’s-head amulet

Maker unrecorded · About 721–664 BCE

A small gold object from the Kushite period, when Nubian rulers governed Egypt. The Met suggests it probably belonged to a royal necklace and connects the ram with Amun. Its precise origin is uncertain: the museum lists Egypt and Sudan, possibly Nubia, rather than a confirmed Sudanese findspot.

View artwork & source ↗ The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Photograph by Oi-Cheong Lee · Gift of Norbert Schimmel Trust, 1989 · Public domain · Met Open Access · Unmodified

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From the Library

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Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

Beatrice Shorts

Historical account of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium administration of Sudan from 1899 to 1956, covering …

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The Agricultural Potential of Sudan

Abdalla Ahmed Abdalla; Hassan Osman Abdel Nour · 2001

The Agricultural Potential of Sudan. Published in 2001. Executive Intelligence …

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Development Economics in Sudan: The Ten Year Economic and Social Plan

Iman Sharif · 2022

An analysis of Sudan's first national development plan — the Ten Year Economic and Social Plan 1961–1970 — …

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