Kandaka — The Sudan Knowledge Platform

Named for the Kandakas — the warrior queens of ancient Nubia — this site brings their spirit of clarity and resolve to today's questions about Sudan. Articles and analysis on the country's economy and development, alongside reflections on its past, culture, and the people who shape its future.

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English
War & Security

UN, France condemn escalating drone attacks across Sudan

The UN and France have expressed concern over escalating drone attacks across Sudan, warning that... The post UN, France condemn …

ReportingNational EN
Sudan News

Five killed in airstrike near El Geneina airport, West Darfur

Five people, including two women, have been killed in an airstrike near El Geneina Airport The post Five killed in airstrike near …

ReportingDarfur EN
War & Security

Sudan war and inflation leave families struggling to survive in Khartoum

Soaring food prices and shrinking incomes force families in Sudan's capital to borrow money and skip meals.

ReportingKhartoum EN
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العربية
أخبار السودان

السودان يتجه للطاقة الشمسية ويستقبل اهتماماً قطرياً بالاستثمار

الخرطوم 28 أكتوبر 2026– وقّعت شركة كهرباء السودان القابضة عقداً لتصميم وتوريد وتركيب محطة دنقلا للطاقة الشمسية بقدرة 20 ميغاواط في …

تغطية صحفيةKhartoum · Northern AR
سودانايل سياسة

اختانا…سنوات البرهان العِجاف!! (٣)

اختانا…سنوات البرهان العِجاف!! (٣)٢٥ أكتوبر ٢٠٢١ الى ٢٥ أكتوبر ٢٠٢٦ كيف أطاح انقلاب البرهان بإنجازات حكومة الثورة داخلياً …

تغطية صحفيةNational AR
إنساني

مختبر إنساني:كيف تحولت الفاشر خلال عام إلى مساحة صامتة بلا حياة؟

أمستردام – 28 أكتوبر 2026 – راديو دبنقاأكد مختبر البحوث الإنسانية بكلية الصحة العامة في... The post مختبر إنساني:كيف تحولت الفاشر …

تغطية صحفيةDarfur AR
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Digital reading selections

From Nile Bookstore

Nile Bookstore is separate from Kandaka’s editorial work. These clearly identified links are promotional.

Cover of Meroë, the City of the Ethiopians, featured in Sudan & the Nile

Sudan & the Nile

Explore books on Sudan and the Nile, including John Garstang’s illustrated account of ancient Meroë.

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Arabic cover of Ancient History of Sudan by Hassan Kamal

Arabic Books & Heritage

Searchable Arabic EPUB editions of literature, history, philosophy and rare works, prepared for comfortable right-to-left reading.

Browse Arabic books →

Sudan in Images

New photographs are discovered daily; additions are reviewed weekly before publication in Arabic and English. Photo dates appear in titles and captions; historical images do not show current conditions.

Close-up of a stone royal head with a headdress, cobra ornament and carved beard.
A Nubian royal statue: a historical close-up

Steve Evans’s historical photograph of a Nubian royal statue in Sudan. Commons associates the statue with Tabo on Argo Island but treats its identification as Natakamani as uncertain. The record gives 24 February 2005; the exact capture date is not independently established. This unmodified photograph does not document present conditions.

Steve Evans · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
A panoramic crop of mud-brick remains at the Western Deffufa.
The Western Deffufa at Kerma, 2009

Walter Callens photographed the Western Deffufa at ancient Kerma on 26 March 2009. This version is a narrow panoramic crop supplied by Wikimedia Commons; it does not show the monument’s full height. The crop is disclosed rather than presented as the complete original photograph. No further cropping or reconstruction has been applied.

Walter Callens · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
Two men beside lion cubs on a wooden crate in a courtyard.
Two men with lion cubs in Khartoum, 1911

The Náprstek Museum identifies this 1911 scene as Bedřich Machulka's assistants with lion cubs in the courtyard of his Khartoum home. The men and photographer are not named in the record. The photograph documents a historical captive-animal setting; it is not evidence of present-day wildlife conditions or an endorsement of keeping wild animals.

Photographer unknown; National Museum – Náprstek Museum, Bedřich Machulka photographic collection, Af I 629 · CC BY 4.0 National Museum / eSbírky

Art & Visual Heritage

Weekly artwork selections — New additions are scheduled each Saturday, prioritizing Sudanese artists, with creator credits and source links.

A curated companion to the photo stream: contemporary and historical art, photography, crafts, posters and book arts, with Sudan first and room for the wider world.

Gold ram’s head with curved ribbed horns and a cobra above its forehead

Jewellery · Kush / Nubia

Ram’s-head amulet

Maker unrecorded · About 721–664 BCE

A small gold object from the Kushite period, when Nubian rulers governed Egypt. The Met suggests it probably belonged to a royal necklace and connects the ram with Amun. Its precise origin is uncertain: the museum lists Egypt and Sudan, possibly Nubia, rather than a confirmed Sudanese findspot.

View artwork & source ↗ The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Photograph by Oi-Cheong Lee · Gift of Norbert Schimmel Trust, 1989 · Public domain · Met Open Access · Unmodified

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From the Library

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A Tropical Dependency: An Outline of the Ancient History of the Western Sudan

Flora L. Shaw (Lady Lugard) · 1905

Flora L. Shaw (Lady Lugard)’s complete 1905 A Tropical Dependency, including the Northern Nigeria subtitle, …

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Sudan E-Agriculture Strategy and Action Plan 2018-2022

Republic of Sudan, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests · 2017

Sudan E-Agriculture Strategy and Action Plan (2018–2022). Published in 2017. December2017strategy …

Download institutional PDF (30 pages)
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Calling Out to Isis: The Enduring Nubian Isis Cult

Solange Ashby · 2016

Study of the cult of Isis in Nubia and its persistence long after the Christianization of the Nile Valley.

Download thesis PDF (2016)