Kandaka — The Sudan Knowledge Platform

Named for the Kandakas — the warrior queens of ancient Nubia — this site brings their spirit of clarity and resolve to today's questions about Sudan. Articles and analysis on the country's economy and development, alongside reflections on its past, culture, and the people who shape its future.

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Latest Articles

Latest News

English
War & Security

El Fasher: Survivors of the RSF invasion face famine, displacement, and a bitter wait for …

26 October 2026 The memory of the Rapid Support Forces’ (RSF) invasion of El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur, on October 26, …

ReportingDarfur EN
Sudan News

Sudanese journalist detained for sharing online report

Police in El Qatina in Sudan’s White Nile state, have detained journalist Rasha Hassan following... The post Sudanese journalist …

ReportingWhite Nile EN
Economy

The search for gold is a dangerous and laborious gamble for Sudan’s miners

As Sudan’s war destroys livelihoods, the death of 16-year-old Altayeb Alhadi highlights dangers of artisanal mining.

ReportingNational EN
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العربية
Sudan War Monitor الحرب والأمن

واقعُ المرأة الريفية فى أتونِ حرب السودان الدائرة

حاضر قاتم تحتَ دوِّىُّ المدافع وقصف المُسيّرات وتدهور اقتصاد الريف

تحليلNational AR
تعليم

ركام المدارس و«انقطاع الرواتب» يدفعان قطاع التعليم الحكومي في السودان إلى الانهيار

الخرطوم 25 أكتوبر 2026- لم تكن سمر (16 عاماً) تعلم عندما حزمت حقيبتها المدرسية ذات صباح في الخرطوم، نهاية أبريل 2023، أن تلك …

تغطية صحفيةKhartoum AR
أخبار السودان

وفاة اثنين من المعدّنين إثر انهيار بئر بمنجم الشهداء في القضارف

القضارف – 25 أكتوبر 2026 – راديو دبنقا كشفت الشركة السودانية للموارد المعدنية عن وفاة... The post وفاة اثنين من المعدّنين إثر …

تغطية صحفيةGedaref AR
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Digital reading selections

From Nile Bookstore

Nile Bookstore is separate from Kandaka’s editorial work. These clearly identified links are promotional.

Authentic cover of Planet Comics number 6

Golden Age Comics

Digitally preserved public-domain adventures, mysteries and superheroes with generous page previews.

Explore the comic archive →
Arabic edition cover of Bulletman number 1

Arabic Comics

Illustrated stories and restored comics presented for Arabic readers in accessible digital editions.

Browse Arabic comics →

Sudan in Images

New photographs are discovered daily; additions are reviewed weekly before publication in Arabic and English. Photo dates appear in titles and captions; historical images do not show current conditions.

Close-up of a stone royal head with a headdress, cobra ornament and carved beard.
A Nubian royal statue: a historical close-up

Steve Evans’s historical photograph of a Nubian royal statue in Sudan. Commons associates the statue with Tabo on Argo Island but treats its identification as Natakamani as uncertain. The record gives 24 February 2005; the exact capture date is not independently established. This unmodified photograph does not document present conditions.

Steve Evans · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
A panoramic crop of mud-brick remains at the Western Deffufa.
The Western Deffufa at Kerma, 2009

Walter Callens photographed the Western Deffufa at ancient Kerma on 26 March 2009. This version is a narrow panoramic crop supplied by Wikimedia Commons; it does not show the monument’s full height. The crop is disclosed rather than presented as the complete original photograph. No further cropping or reconstruction has been applied.

Walter Callens · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
Two men beside lion cubs on a wooden crate in a courtyard.
Two men with lion cubs in Khartoum, 1911

The Náprstek Museum identifies this 1911 scene as Bedřich Machulka's assistants with lion cubs in the courtyard of his Khartoum home. The men and photographer are not named in the record. The photograph documents a historical captive-animal setting; it is not evidence of present-day wildlife conditions or an endorsement of keeping wild animals.

Photographer unknown; National Museum – Náprstek Museum, Bedřich Machulka photographic collection, Af I 629 · CC BY 4.0 National Museum / eSbírky

Art & Visual Heritage

Weekly artwork selections — New additions are scheduled each Saturday, prioritizing Sudanese artists, with creator credits and source links.

A curated companion to the photo stream: contemporary and historical art, photography, crafts, posters and book arts, with Sudan first and room for the wider world.

Gold ram’s head with curved ribbed horns and a cobra above its forehead

Jewellery · Kush / Nubia

Ram’s-head amulet

Maker unrecorded · About 721–664 BCE

A small gold object from the Kushite period, when Nubian rulers governed Egypt. The Met suggests it probably belonged to a royal necklace and connects the ram with Amun. Its precise origin is uncertain: the museum lists Egypt and Sudan, possibly Nubia, rather than a confirmed Sudanese findspot.

View artwork & source ↗ The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Photograph by Oi-Cheong Lee · Gift of Norbert Schimmel Trust, 1989 · Public domain · Met Open Access · Unmodified

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From the Library

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Water Use Efficiencies of Gezira, Rahad and New Haifa Irrigated Schemes

Garry Jenkins

Technical study measuring water use efficiency across Sudan's three major irrigation schemes — Gezira, Rahad, …

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Consolidating Sudan's Transition: A Question of Legitimacy

Jonathan Tossell · 2020

Policy analysis examining the legitimacy challenges facing Sudan's transitional government after the 2019 …

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Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Stabilization and Growth Agenda for Sudan

Ibrahim Elbadawi; Magdi Amin; Amir Hamid Elobaid; Alzaki Alhelo; Abdelrahman Osman; Kabbashi Suliman · 2023

The authors connect Sudan’s economic vulnerabilities and entrenched interests to the breakdown of its …

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