Kandaka — The Sudan Knowledge Platform

Named for the Kandakas — the warrior queens of ancient Nubia — this site brings their spirit of clarity and resolve to today's questions about Sudan. Articles and analysis on the country's economy and development, alongside reflections on its past, culture, and the people who shape its future.

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Latest Articles

Latest News

English
BBC Africa War & Security

Sudan army drones hit mourners and fuel market killing more than 300 people, sources say

A truck carrying people to a funeral and a market alleged to be supplying fuel to the RSF were targeted.

ReportingNational EN
Sudan News

Severe bread shortage hits Sudan capital as flour supplies dwindle

A sharp flour shortage is leaving families in Khartoum state with less bread available in... The post Severe bread shortage hits …

ReportingKhartoum EN
Health

W. Darfur launches vector control campaign amid rising mosquito numbers

The health authorities in Sudan’s West Darfur State have launched a three-day campaign to combat The post W. Darfur launches …

ReportingDarfur EN
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العربية
سودانايل الحرب والأمن

السودان – الأمم المتحدة تدين هجمات المسيرات وتدعو إلى حماية المدنيين والبنية التحتية …

أدانت الأمم المتحدة بشدة سلسة هجمات بطائرات مُسيرة في أبيي (الواقعة بين السودان وجنوب السودان) مما أدى إلى مقتل 28 مدنيا على الأقل …

تغطية صحفيةNational AR
صحة

غارة جوية تستهدف مستشفى أم بادر بشمال كردفان ومسيرة تستهدف محطة كهرباء تندلتي

أم بادر – تندلتي: 20 أكتوبر 2026: راديو دبنقاقصفت طائرة أنتونوف تابعة للجيش مستشفى أم... The post غارة جوية تستهدف مستشفى أم بادر …

تغطية صحفيةKordofan AR
أخبار السودان

«يونيسف»: مقتل (12) طفلًا في هجمات على الخرطوم وغرب كردفان

الخرطوم 20 أكتوبر 2026 – أعلنت منظمة الأمم المتحدة لرعاية الطفولة “يونيسف”، الثلاثاء، عن مقتل 12 طفلًا، بينهم رضع، خلال أيام في …

تغطية صحفيةKhartoum · Darfur · Kordofan · Gedaref · White Nile AR
كل الأخبار ←

Digital reading selections

From Nile Bookstore

Nile Bookstore is separate from Kandaka’s editorial work. These clearly identified links are promotional.

Arabic cover of Ancient History of Sudan by Hassan Kamal

Arabic Books & Heritage

Searchable Arabic EPUB editions of literature, history, philosophy and rare works, prepared for comfortable right-to-left reading.

Browse Arabic books →
Authentic cover of Planet Comics number 6

Golden Age Comics

Digitally preserved public-domain adventures, mysteries and superheroes with generous page previews.

Explore the comic archive →
Arabic edition cover of Bulletman number 1

Arabic Comics

Illustrated stories and restored comics presented for Arabic readers in accessible digital editions.

Browse Arabic comics →

Sudan in Images

New photographs are discovered daily; additions are reviewed weekly before publication in Arabic and English. Photo dates appear in titles and captions; historical images do not show current conditions.

Sandstone doorway with a winged sun disc, carved columns and arched openings at Naqa.
Hathor chapel at Naqa, 2016

The carved entrance of the Hathor chapel at Naqa, Sudan, photographed by Nina R on 26 March 2016. The columns, arched openings and winged sun-disc decoration match the chapel documented by the Naga excavation team. The source file's title and description incorrectly refer to pyramid reliefs at Meroe; Kandaka has corrected that identification. This photograph records the monument in 2016, not its present condition.

Nina R, via Flickr and Wikimedia Commons; image unmodified · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
Dark round-bottomed pottery jar with a short neck and impressed geometric decoration.
Decorated Meroitic jar from Nubia

A Meroitic jar with a rounded base and comb-impressed decoration, held by the Finnish Heritage Agency (KM17000:39:119:3). Its catalogue gives a broad date of 300 BCE–400 CE and links it to Nubia, listing both Egypt and Sudan rather than a clear modern-country findspot. The maker and photographic date are unrecorded. This entry uses the actual object photograph, not the accompanying archaeological drawing.

Finnish Heritage Agency, Archaeological Object Collection; photographer not named · CC BY 4.0 Finnish Heritage Agency
Historical group photograph beside a display of animal skulls, horns and skins in a courtyard.
Hunting trophies in a Khartoum courtyard, early twentieth century

A historical display of hunting trophies in a Khartoum courtyard, dated by the Náprstek Museum to the early twentieth century. The catalogue names Machulka and tentatively identifies Štorch, retaining a question mark; other people and the photographer are unnamed. The image documents historical hunting and collecting, not an endorsement of those practices. No precise capture year or species identification is asserted.

Photographer unknown; National Museum – Náprstek Museum, Bedřich Machulka photographic collection, Af I 808 · CC BY 4.0 National Museum / eSbírky

Art & Visual Heritage

Weekly artwork selections — New additions are scheduled each Saturday, prioritizing Sudanese artists, with creator credits and source links.

A curated companion to the photo stream: contemporary and historical art, photography, crafts, posters and book arts, with Sudan first and room for the wider world.

Nubian wall painting of the Virgin and Child beside Bishop Marianos in decorated ecclesiastical robes

Historical wall painting · Sudan / Nubia

Madonna and Child with Bishop Marianos

Painter unrecorded (Faras) · 1005–1036

Tempera on plaster from Faras, now in the National Museum in Warsaw. The source dates the painting to 1005–1036; this is the artwork date, not the photograph date. The individual painter is unrecorded.

View artwork & source ↗ National Museum in Warsaw · Photograph uploaded by Vert, Wikimedia Commons · Public domain · Unmodified reproduction
Nubian Christian wall painting depicting the three youths in the fiery furnace

Historical painting · Sudan / Nubia

Three youths in the fiery furnace — Nubian church painting

Painter unrecorded · Historical painting; photograph published 2005

A Nubian church painting photographed at the museum in Khartoum. The descriptive title identifies the scene from Daniel 3; the record does not name the original painter or date the artwork.

View artwork & source ↗ Wikimedia Commons · Photograph by Ibrahim Omer / ancientsudan.org · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Unmodified

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From the Library

All books →
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Sudan Human Rights Report 2017

U.S. Department of State · 2018

The U.S. Department of State’s full report on human rights practices in Sudan during 2017, published on 20 …

Read full report (HTML)
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On the Experience of Islamic Agricultural Finance in Sudan: Challenges and Sustainability

Adam Elhiraika · 2003

Survey-based examination of formal and informal Islamic agricultural credit markets in Sudan under …

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An Assessment of Health Care and Economic Growth in Sudan: An ARDL Bound Testing Approach

Peter Adamu · 2013

ARDL bound-testing analysis (1980-2010) of the long- and short-run relationship between life expectancy and …

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