Kandaka — The Sudan Knowledge Platform

Named for the Kandakas — the warrior queens of ancient Nubia — this site brings their spirit of clarity and resolve to today's questions about Sudan. Articles and analysis on the country's economy and development, alongside reflections on its past, culture, and the people who shape its future.

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Latest Articles

Latest News

English
War & Security

Khartoum denies role in Abyei attack as RSF allies seek probe

Sudan’s army-aligned government has denied that its armed forces carried out a deadly drone strike The post Khartoum denies role …

ReportingKhartoum EN
BBC Africa Health

Hospitals deliberately targeted by Sudan's RSF fighters, BBC investigation finds

The UN human rights chief Volker Türk says the multiple attacks may amount to war crimes.

ReportingNational EN
Agriculture

Sudan hunger crisis deepens as aid cuts collide with crop failure in Darfur

Cuts to food aid and a near-total crop failure are leaving displaced families and vulnerable... The post Sudan hunger crisis …

ReportingDarfur EN
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العربية
Sudan War Monitor الحرب والأمن

رئيس مفوضية الاتحاد الأفريقي يدين هجمات الطائرات المسيرة في السودان ومنطقة أبيي

الاتحاد الافريقي يدعو الي وقف الهجمات علي المدنيين والبنية التحتية وحماية الكوادر الطبية

تحليلNational AR
سودانايل تعليم

الخرطوم: طوابير الجازولين وبراميل السلاح.. احتقانٌ ينتظر شرارة

كتب د. محمد عبد الحميد أستاذ مادة الحد من مخاطر الكوارث بالجامعات السودانية الخرطوم: طوابير الجازولين وبراميل السلاح.. احتقانٌ …

تغطية صحفيةKhartoum AR
أخبار السودان

سيراً على الأقدام.. كيف يهرب شباب كردفان من البطالة وأي مخاطر تواجههم؟

عاين– 22 أكتوبر 2026 “أجبرونا على خلع ملابسنا، ووضعوا السكين على رقابنا وهددونا بالذبح”. بهذه الكلمات يستعيد الربيع إبراهيم …

تغطية صحفيةKordofan AR
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Digital reading selections

From Nile Bookstore

Nile Bookstore is separate from Kandaka’s editorial work. These clearly identified links are promotional.

Cover of Meroë, the City of the Ethiopians, featured in Sudan & the Nile

Sudan & the Nile

Explore books on Sudan and the Nile, including John Garstang’s illustrated account of ancient Meroë.

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Arabic cover of Ancient History of Sudan by Hassan Kamal

Arabic Books & Heritage

Searchable Arabic EPUB editions of literature, history, philosophy and rare works, prepared for comfortable right-to-left reading.

Browse Arabic books →

Sudan in Images

New photographs are discovered daily; additions are reviewed weekly before publication in Arabic and English. Photo dates appear in titles and captions; historical images do not show current conditions.

Sandstone doorway with a winged sun disc, carved columns and arched openings at Naqa.
Hathor chapel at Naqa, 2016

The carved entrance of the Hathor chapel at Naqa, Sudan, photographed by Nina R on 26 March 2016. The columns, arched openings and winged sun-disc decoration match the chapel documented by the Naga excavation team. The source file's title and description incorrectly refer to pyramid reliefs at Meroe; Kandaka has corrected that identification. This photograph records the monument in 2016, not its present condition.

Nina R, via Flickr and Wikimedia Commons; image unmodified · CC BY 2.0 Wikimedia Commons
Dark round-bottomed pottery jar with a short neck and impressed geometric decoration.
Decorated Meroitic jar from Nubia

A Meroitic jar with a rounded base and comb-impressed decoration, held by the Finnish Heritage Agency (KM17000:39:119:3). Its catalogue gives a broad date of 300 BCE–400 CE and links it to Nubia, listing both Egypt and Sudan rather than a clear modern-country findspot. The maker and photographic date are unrecorded. This entry uses the actual object photograph, not the accompanying archaeological drawing.

Finnish Heritage Agency, Archaeological Object Collection; photographer not named · CC BY 4.0 Finnish Heritage Agency
Historical group photograph beside a display of animal skulls, horns and skins in a courtyard.
Hunting trophies in a Khartoum courtyard, early twentieth century

A historical display of hunting trophies in a Khartoum courtyard, dated by the Náprstek Museum to the early twentieth century. The catalogue names Machulka and tentatively identifies Štorch, retaining a question mark; other people and the photographer are unnamed. The image documents historical hunting and collecting, not an endorsement of those practices. No precise capture year or species identification is asserted.

Photographer unknown; National Museum – Náprstek Museum, Bedřich Machulka photographic collection, Af I 808 · CC BY 4.0 National Museum / eSbírky

Art & Visual Heritage

Weekly artwork selections — New additions are scheduled each Saturday, prioritizing Sudanese artists, with creator credits and source links.

A curated companion to the photo stream: contemporary and historical art, photography, crafts, posters and book arts, with Sudan first and room for the wider world.

Nubian wall painting of the Virgin and Child beside Bishop Marianos in decorated ecclesiastical robes

Historical wall painting · Sudan / Nubia

Madonna and Child with Bishop Marianos

Painter unrecorded (Faras) · 1005–1036

Tempera on plaster from Faras, now in the National Museum in Warsaw. The source dates the painting to 1005–1036; this is the artwork date, not the photograph date. The individual painter is unrecorded.

View artwork & source ↗ National Museum in Warsaw · Photograph uploaded by Vert, Wikimedia Commons · Public domain · Unmodified reproduction
Nubian Christian wall painting depicting the three youths in the fiery furnace

Historical painting · Sudan / Nubia

Three youths in the fiery furnace — Nubian church painting

Painter unrecorded · Historical painting; photograph published 2005

A Nubian church painting photographed at the museum in Khartoum. The descriptive title identifies the scene from Daniel 3; the record does not name the original painter or date the artwork.

View artwork & source ↗ Wikimedia Commons · Photograph by Ibrahim Omer / ancientsudan.org · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Unmodified

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From the Library

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The Early New Kingdom at Sai Island: Pottery Analysis

Julia Budka · 2011

Reports pottery analysis from the fourth excavation season at Sai Island and its implications for early New …

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Readings in the Economic Impacts of Recent Changes in Macroeconomic Policies in Sudan (2)

Issam A.W. Mohamed · 2012

The second installment in a series examining how recent shifts in Sudan's macroeconomic policy have played out …

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Egypt's Role in the Events of 701 B.C. in Jerusalem

James K. Hoffmeier

Examines Kushite control of Egypt and its relationship to the Assyrian campaign against Judah in 701 BCE.

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