Artificial intelligence is lowering the cost of authoritarian control in Africa. The danger is not only mass surveillance, but a state that can abort reformist change before it is even born. Dictatorship used to be expensive. It needed informants, prisons, police files, propaganda and visible violence. Today, some of that work can be bought as software, financed through loans, connected to biometric systems and sold as modernization. The African question is not whether AI will suddenly turn a de

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