https://kandaka.com/tags/economic-history/Recent content in Economic History on KandakaHugoenThu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://kandaka.com/ideas/kandaka-nubian-queens/Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://kandaka.com/ideas/kandaka-nubian-queens/The Kandakat — Nubia's warrior queens — ran one of the ancient world's most sophisticated economies: an iron industry that earned Meroe the title 'Birmingham of Africa', trade networks stretching from Rome to sub-Saharan Africa, and a state that negotiated with empires as an equal. Sudan is not a country learning development. It is a civilisation that was interrupted.https://kandaka.com/ideas/ladder-sudan-never-allowed-to-climb/Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000https://kandaka.com/ideas/ladder-sudan-never-allowed-to-climb/Britain deliberately prevented Sudanese industrialisation. Every post-independence plan has been aborted — by coups, by IMF conditionality, by war. The Industrial Location Analysis shows manufacturing was locked into Khartoum by colonial design. This is not bad luck. It is documented policy.https://kandaka.com/development/development-economics-sudan-ten-year-plan/Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000https://kandaka.com/development/development-economics-sudan-ten-year-plan/An analysis of Sudan's first post-independence development plan — its ambitious targets, why it was abandoned by 1965, and what it reveals about the structural constraints that have defeated every subsequent Sudanese development programme.